Basic Usage Examples

// Basic Pine Script Usage Examples
// @version=6

// ===== BASIC INDICATOR EXAMPLE =====
indicator("Basic Usage Examples", overlay = true, shorttitle = "Basic")

// Simple Moving Average
length = input.int(20, title="MA Length", minval=1)
ma = ta.sma(close, length)
plot(ma, title="SMA", color=color.blue, linewidth=2)

// Price-based conditions
bullish = close > ma
bearish = close < ma

// Visual alerts
plotshape(ta.crossover(close, ma), "Bullish Cross", shape.triangleup, location.belowbar, color.green)
plotshape(ta.crossunder(close, ma), "Bearish Cross", shape.triangledown, location.abovebar, color.red)

// Background coloring
bgcolor(bullish ? color.new(color.green, 90) : bearish ? color.new(color.red, 90) : na)

// ===== BASIC VARIABLES AND DATA TYPES =====
// Boolean
var bool isUptrend = na
isUptrend := close > close[10]

// Integer
var int barCount = 0
barCount += 1

// Float
highestHigh = ta.highest(high, 20)
lowestLow = ta.lowest(low, 20)

// String
var string trendDirection = na
trendDirection := isUptrend ? "Up" : "Down"

// Color
dynamicColor = close > open ? color.green : color.red

// ===== BUILT-IN VARIABLES =====
// Price data
currentOpen = open
currentHigh = high
currentLow = low
currentClose = close
currentVolume = volume

// Typical price calculations
hl2Price = hl2        // (high + low) / 2
hlc3Price = hlc3      // (high + low + close) / 3
ohlc4Price = ohlc4    // (open + high + low + close) / 4

// Time and bar information
currentTime = time
barIndex = bar_index
isLastBar = barstate.islast
isRealtime = barstate.isrealtime
isNewBar = barstate.isnew

// ===== BASIC TECHNICAL INDICATORS =====
// Moving Averages
sma20 = ta.sma(close, 20)
ema20 = ta.ema(close, 20)
wma20 = ta.wma(close, 20)
vwma20 = ta.vwma(close, volume, 20)

// Oscillators
rsi14 = ta.rsi(close, 14)
stoch = ta.stoch(close, high, low, 14)
[macdLine, signalLine, histogram] = ta.macd(close, 12, 26, 9)

// Volatility
atr14 = ta.atr(14)
bb_length = 20
bb_mult = 2.0
[bb_middle, bb_upper, bb_lower] = ta.bb(close, bb_length, bb_mult)

// Volume indicators
obv = ta.obv
mfi14 = ta.mfi(hlc3, volume, 14)

// ===== BASIC PLOTTING =====
// Simple line plots
plot(sma20, "SMA 20", color.blue)
plot(ema20, "EMA 20", color.orange)

// Histogram plot
plot(histogram, "MACD Histogram", color.gray, style=plot.style_histogram)

// Area fill between two lines
fill(plot(bb_upper), plot(bb_lower), color=color.new(color.gray, 80), title="BB Fill")

// Conditional plotting
plot(rsi14 > 70 ? rsi14 : na, "RSI Overbought", color.red, linewidth=3)
plot(rsi14 < 30 ? rsi14 : na, "RSI Oversold", color.green, linewidth=3)

// ===== BASIC ALERTS =====
// Simple alert conditions
alertcondition(ta.crossover(close, sma20), title="Price Above SMA", message="Price crossed above SMA")
alertcondition(ta.crossunder(close, sma20), title="Price Below SMA", message="Price crossed below SMA")
alertcondition(rsi14 > 70, title="RSI Overbought", message="RSI is overbought")
alertcondition(rsi14 < 30, title="RSI Oversold", message="RSI is oversold")

// ===== BASIC INPUT FUNCTIONS =====
// Different input types
boolInput = input.bool(true, "Show Signals")
intInput = input.int(14, "Period", minval=1, maxval=100)
floatInput = input.float(2.0, "Multiplier", minval=0.1, maxval=10.0, step=0.1)
stringInput = input.string("SMA", "MA Type", options=["SMA", "EMA", "WMA"])
colorInput = input.color(color.blue, "Line Color")
sourceInput = input.source(close, "Price Source")

// ===== BASIC CONDITIONAL LOGIC =====
// If-else statements
ma_type = if stringInput == "SMA"
    ta.sma(sourceInput, intInput)
else if stringInput == "EMA"
    ta.ema(sourceInput, intInput)
else
    ta.wma(sourceInput, intInput)

// Ternary operator
trend_color = close > ma_type ? color.green : color.red

// Switch statement (Pine Script v5+)
ma_value = switch stringInput
    "SMA" => ta.sma(sourceInput, intInput)
    "EMA" => ta.ema(sourceInput, intInput)
    "WMA" => ta.wma(sourceInput, intInput)
    => ta.sma(sourceInput, intInput)  // default

// ===== BASIC ARRAY OPERATIONS =====
// Create and manage arrays
var float[] priceArray = array.new<float>()

// Add values to array
if barstate.isconfirmed
    array.push(priceArray, close)
    
    // Keep array size manageable
    if array.size(priceArray) > 100
        array.shift(priceArray)

// Access array values
latestPrice = array.size(priceArray) > 0 ? array.get(priceArray, array.size(priceArray) - 1) : na
oldestPrice = array.size(priceArray) > 0 ? array.get(priceArray, 0) : na

// ===== BASIC FUNCTIONS =====
// User-defined function
calcPercentChange(currentPrice, previousPrice) =>
    ((currentPrice - previousPrice) / previousPrice) * 100

// Function with default parameters
calcMA(src, len, maType = "SMA") =>
    switch maType
        "SMA" => ta.sma(src, len)
        "EMA" => ta.ema(src, len)
        "WMA" => ta.wma(src, len)

// Use the functions
priceChange = calcPercentChange(close, close[1])
customMA = calcMA(close, 20, "EMA")

// ===== BASIC LABELS AND ANNOTATIONS =====
// Create labels on specific conditions
if ta.crossover(close, ma)
    label.new(bar_index, low, "BUY", 
              color=color.green, 
              textcolor=color.white, 
              style=label.style_label_up)

if ta.crossunder(close, ma)
    label.new(bar_index, high, "SELL", 
              color=color.red, 
              textcolor=color.white, 
              style=label.style_label_down)

// ===== BASIC TABLE DISPLAY =====
// Create a table for displaying information
var table infoTable = table.new(position.top_right, 2, 5, bgcolor=color.white, border_width=1)

if barstate.islast
    table.cell(infoTable, 0, 0, "Symbol", text_color=color.black)
    table.cell(infoTable, 1, 0, syminfo.ticker, text_color=color.black)
    
    table.cell(infoTable, 0, 1, "Price", text_color=color.black)
    table.cell(infoTable, 1, 1, str.tostring(close, "#.##"), text_color=color.black)
    
    table.cell(infoTable, 0, 2, "Volume", text_color=color.black)
    table.cell(infoTable, 1, 2, str.tostring(volume, "#"), text_color=color.black)
    
    table.cell(infoTable, 0, 3, "RSI", text_color=color.black)
    table.cell(infoTable, 1, 3, str.tostring(rsi14, "#.#"), text_color=color.black)
    
    table.cell(infoTable, 0, 4, "Trend", text_color=color.black)
    table.cell(infoTable, 1, 4, trendDirection, 
               text_color=isUptrend ? color.green : color.red)