Acceleration Bands (ACCBANDS)

// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
// © mihakralj
//@version=6
indicator("Acceleration Bands (ACCBANDS)", "ACCBANDS", overlay=true)

//@function Calculates Acceleration Bands using Price Headley's original formula
//@param high Series of high prices
//@param low Series of low prices
//@param close Series of close prices
//@param period Lookback period for the moving average
//@param factor Multiplier for normalized width (default 4.0 per Headley)
//@returns tuple with [middle, upper, lower] band values
//@optimized Uses circular buffers with O(1) complexity per bar
accbands(series float high, series float low, series float close, simple int period, simple float factor = 4.0) =>
    if period <= 0 or factor <= 0.0
        runtime.error("Period and factor must be greater than 0")
    var int p = math.max(1, period)
    var int head = 0
    var int count = 0
    var array<float> bufferAdjHigh = array.new_float(p, na)
    var array<float> bufferAdjLow = array.new_float(p, na)
    var array<float> bufferClose = array.new_float(p, na)
    var float sumAdjHigh = 0.0
    var float sumAdjLow = 0.0
    var float sumClose = 0.0
    float oldestAdjHigh = array.get(bufferAdjHigh, head)
    float oldestAdjLow = array.get(bufferAdjLow, head)
    float oldestClose = array.get(bufferClose, head)
    if not na(oldestAdjHigh)
        sumAdjHigh -= oldestAdjHigh
        sumAdjLow -= oldestAdjLow
        sumClose -= oldestClose
        count -= 1
    float currentHigh = nz(high)
    float currentLow = nz(low)
    float currentClose = nz(close)
    // Headley's per-bar normalized width
    float denom = currentHigh + currentLow
    float w = denom != 0.0 ? (currentHigh - currentLow) / denom : 0.0
    float adjHigh = currentHigh * (1.0 + factor * w)
    float adjLow = currentLow * (1.0 - factor * w)
    sumAdjHigh += adjHigh
    sumAdjLow += adjLow
    sumClose += currentClose
    count += 1
    array.set(bufferAdjHigh, head, adjHigh)
    array.set(bufferAdjLow, head, adjLow)
    array.set(bufferClose, head, currentClose)
    head := (head + 1) % p
    float smaAdjHigh = nz(sumAdjHigh / count)
    float smaAdjLow = nz(sumAdjLow / count)
    float smaClose = nz(sumClose / count)
    [smaClose, smaAdjHigh, smaAdjLow]

// ---------- Main loop ----------

// Inputs
i_period = input.int(20, "Period", minval=1)
i_factor = input.float(4.0, "Factor", minval=0.001)

// Calculation
[middle, upper, lower] = accbands(high, low, close, i_period, i_factor)

// Plot
plot(middle, "Middle", color=color.yellow, linewidth=2)
p1 = plot(upper, "Upper", color=color.yellow, linewidth=2)
p2 = plot(lower, "Lower", color=color.yellow, linewidth=2)
fill(p1, p2, color=color.new(color.blue, 90), title="Band Fill")